初二英语语法知识点总结

 2024-12-05 05:15:01  阅读 174  评论 0

摘要:现在大部分学生在三年级就开始学习英语课程,可见英语对我们是多么的重要,那么到了初二英语成绩一再下降,家长跟学生都很着急,可是又找不到原因,今天就由小编为大家整理了初二英语语法知识点总结,一起跟随小编来了解一下吧。初二英语语法知识点总结宾语从句结构:主语 +

现在大部分学生在三年级就开始学习英语课程,可见英语对我们是多么的重要,那么到了初二英语成绩一再下降,家长跟学生都很着急,可是又找不到原因,今天就由小编为大家整理了初二英语语法知识点总结,一起跟随小编来了解一下吧。

初二英语语法知识点总结

初二英语语法知识点总结

宾语从句

结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)

引导名词性从句的连接词

that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分

whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。

连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)

连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)

在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态

当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态

当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态

当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时

say/speak/talk/tell

say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。如:

“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说

speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如:Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况?I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话

speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力

如:She speaks English well.她英语说得好

talk : 与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过,talk 暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈

tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事

tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard

要回答这个问题,先简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。这个问题,答案也许是很清楚的。主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说:我们中国人,如果智力正常,从小就会说汉语,能遣词造句,没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。

再说,英语讲得多了,有了语感,语法还不是水到渠成的事。 这种实践出真知的说法,绝对是正确的。但我仍主张学一点英语语法。本人没受过很好的教育,更不懂高深的语言学习理论,但一直有这样的看法:在我们中国,百年都没有营造出正常情况下用正式英语交际的大氛围和小氛围。所以难以在投入产出比符合经济效益的前提下培养出一定的英语语感。语法,实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感(规则),既给你能解释语言现象的鱼,又教你如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。

以上是由小编为大家分享的初二英语语法知识点总结,希望能给大家带来帮助。学习英语一定要有合理的计划,安排好学习时间,疯狂英语创始人李阳曾经说过:“只要有努力学好的决心,不怕困难的信心,坚持到底的恒心,相信每个人都可以学好英语”。

初二英语语法归纳总结

初中英语是一门基础学科,下面总结了初二英语重点语法知识点,希望能够给大家的英语学习提供帮助。

一般疑问句

一、不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。

一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”:

Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗?

Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗?

Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗?

Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?

二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法

1. 动词be的疑问式:动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首:句型:Be动词+主语~?

Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?

Yes,he is.是的,他生气了。

No,he isn't.不,他没生气。

Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)

昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?

Yes,they were.是的,他们在哭。

No,they weren't.不,他们没哭。

Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)

全世界都说英语吗?

Yes,it is.是的。

No,it isn't.不。

2. 动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:

① 用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did:

Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗?

Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗?

Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗?

② 用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did:

Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗?

Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?

③ 完成时的一般疑问句

句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~?

Have you known her since your childhood?

你从童年就认识她吗?

Yes,I have.是的。

No,I haven't.不。

过去完成时的一般疑问句

句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~?

Had he learned about two thousand English

words before he came here?

他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?

Yes,he had.是的。

No,he hadn't.不。

3. 情态动词的疑问式:情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首:

句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形~?

Can you bring me some apples?

你能给我拿来些苹果吗?

Yes,I can.是的,可以。

No,I can't.不,不可以。

Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?

Must I finish the work at once? 我必须马上完成工作吗?

4. 实意动词的疑问式:一般实意动词的疑问式,通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do, does, did等:

句型:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形~?

Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?

Does the boy like dancing? 这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?

Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了这部电影吗?

Did he do morning exercises yesterday?

昨天他做早操了吗?

Yes,he did.是的,他做了。

No,he didn't.不,他没做。

特殊疑问句

用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:

疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom

疑问副词:when,where,why,how

疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词

一、疑问代词的用法

1.what引导的疑问句

此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

a.对主语提问

What is in your pocket?

你口袋里有什么?

这个问题可以有两种回答:

a:There is an egg in it.

在口袋里有一个蛋。

b:An egg is(in it).

一个蛋(在里面)。

There are a lot of chairs in it.

=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。

注意

回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。

b.对宾语提问

What did you buy?你买了什么?

c.对表语提问

What is this?这是什么?

It's a bench.这是一条长凳。

What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?

2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句

此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。

Who broke the window?(对主语提问)

谁打破了窗户?

who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。

Li Ming did.李明打破的。

Who is that woman?(对表语提问)

那个女人是谁?

She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)

或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)

二、疑问形容词的用法

what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。

What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)

你喜欢什么运动?

I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。

Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)

这些是谁的钢笔?

They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。

Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)

两年前谁的父亲死了?

Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)

哪一张照片是你拍的?

I took the one on the right.

右边的那一张是我拍的。

三、疑问副词的用法

句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?

(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)

1.when引导的疑问句:询问时间

When were you born?你何时出生?

(I was born)on June 5,1962.

我是1962年6月5日出生的。

副词

1.是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

2.副词的分类

(1)时间频率副词

now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already,ever,never等。

(2)地点副词

ere, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside等。

(3)方式副词

carefully, properly,warmly ,slowly,badly,bravely等。

(4)疑问副词

how, when, where, why等。

(5)关系副词

when, where, why等。

简单句的五种基本句型

1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)

2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)

3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)

4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)

5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)

常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。

初二英语语法知识点汇总

初中的英语语法知识点是非常重要的,下面我就大家整理一下初二英语语法知识点汇总,仅供参考。

形容词的用法

(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如:

Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)

The fish went bad. (作表语)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)

(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

I have something important to tell you.

Is there anything interesting in the film.

(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。

Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.

You can take any box away, big or small.

初中英语语法之一般现在时

(1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.

(2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.

(3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况 :

(1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?

(2) 单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well?

重点词汇

( 一 ) 词形转换:

1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king

3.comfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety

( 二 ) 词的辨析

1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on

3. other /else 4. raise /rise

5.each /every 6.exciting / excited

(三)重点词组:

1.go on a visit to 去……旅行

2. make the decision 做决定

3.bring back 带回

4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行

5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定

6 see the sunrise 看日出

7. make a reservation 预订

8. come up with 想出(主意)

9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望

10. pay for 支付赔偿

副词的用法

(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。

He studies very hard. (作状语)

Life here is full of joy. (作定语)

When will you be back? (作表语)

副词按其用途和含义可分为下几类:

1)时间副词

时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:

He often comes to school late.

What are we going to do tomorrow?

He is never been to Beijing.

2)地点副词

地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:

I met an old friend of mine on my way home.

He went upstairs.

Put down your name here.

以上就是我为大家整理的初二英语语法知识点汇总。

初二英语语法知识点

掌握好英语语法是学好英语的重要环节。下面是我收集整理的初二英语语法知识点以供大家学习。

初二英语语法知识点:定冠词the的运用

“If you have the intention to sell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer you hightest selling price.”

第一个错误是句型形式“have the intention to sell”的错误正确的形式是:intend to sell 或 have the intention of selling.

另外两个错误和标点符号有关。一个是在副词分句后面不该用句点而用另一个是应该用句点的地方而不用。

“If……flat”是条件副词分句,不可独立生存,必须依赖后头的主句“please……us”,才可以成为完整的复杂句(complex sentence)。这样一来,主句前面的句点,就要改成逗号(,)了。

另外一个错误是两个主句之间既没有句点也没有连接词,而只有逗号这种错误叫 run-on sentence:

“……, please don't hesitate to call us, we……”

这个 句子 里的逗号(,)要改为句点(。)才对:

“……Please don't hesitate to call us. We……”

不用句点也可以,但要用恰当的连接词,如:

“……,please don't hesitate to call us, as we'll offer you……”

谈了3 个错误,现在来谈最后一个错误,就是定冠词( definite article)的消失:

“We'll offer you highest selling price.”

习惯上,最高级形容词(the superlative degree of adjectives)前面要用定冠词 the.因此,这句话要改为:

“We'll offer you the highest selling price.”

必须使用定冠词的例子

接下来,顺便把其他必须用定冠词的场合列下,作为参考。

一、表示世上唯一的事物,如:

①the sunthe earththe skythe North Pole

二、当一个名词被再次提起时,如:

②A car knocked against a tree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.

三、当名词后面有个修饰作用的 短语 或分句时,如:

③The girl in red is my sister.

④The thief who stole your wallet yesterday was arrested.

四、加在某些形容词前面,以表示某类人或事,如:

⑤The rich often get richer and the poor, poorer.

⑥The doctor lost no time in giving help to the injured.

⑦Don't expect the impossible.

加在某些山川、河流、岛屿、国家名称之前,如:

⑧the Alpsthe Thamesthe British Islesthe Philippinesthe Atlantic Ocean.

   初二英语语法知识点:动词的运用

英语的动词必须在人称(person)、数目(number)、性别( gender)和格(case)这些方面和主语取得一致或互相呼应。

在学生的英文 作文 中,动词与主语呼应上的错误,经常出现。

下面这句话来自一个重要的公共部门的通告,里面也出现了动词与主语不一致的错误:

ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.

这里的主语是“ABC corporation”,它是单数的,动词也应该是单数的 has,不是复数的 have,因此犯了动词与主语不对应的错误。

既然这是个常见的错误,我们便要特别留意,并且记住下面这些指导原则:

·动词和主语在人称和数目上要一致,如:

① I am a writer.

② Helen is an editor.

③ They have a good future.

④ Dr Chen teaches us English.

⑤ Some old houses were burnt to the ground.

⑥ A deserted hut has already been demolished.

·两个或两个以上的单数主语由连接词“and”贯串起来时,便成了复数,动词也要复数,如:

⑦ David and Jason are colleagues.

⑧The driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.

·两个主语由“with”或“as well as ”等连接时,动词要和第一个主语的人称及数目呼应,如:

⑨ A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.

⑩ The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.

·两个主语由“either……or”或“neither……nor”连接时,动词要和第二个主语的人称及数目呼应,如:

11. Either you or your friend is wrong.

12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.

·集合名词(collective noun)当整体看待时,动词是单数。

13. The steering committee is made up of five members.

14. The jury has made its final decision.

有时可以个别看待集合名词里的成员,这时这些成员合起来便变成复数,动词也是复数了,如:

15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.

16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.

   初二英语语法知识点:不定冠词a/an的用法

不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如:

① A stitch in time saves nine.

② Jason is an internationally known scholar.

此外,a/an 还有下列6种用途:

一、常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用,以表示“每—” 的概念,如:

③ I teach five days a week.

④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.

⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

二、常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用,如:

⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.

⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.

⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.

⑨ Mary has a lot of money.

三、在“of / at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如:

⑩Birds of a feather flock together.

11. Please come one at a time.

12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

四、常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如:

13. Tom is rather a fool.

14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.

15. Many a student has asked that question.

16. The visitor left half an hour ago.

17. What a fine day it is!

18. How can you say such a thing?

五、用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里,如:

19. We have not had so hot a day before.

20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.

21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.

22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.

六、出现在许多惯用语中,如:

23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.

24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.

25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.

26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.

27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.

28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.

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